white+shark

Great whites can be found along the coastlines of South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, California to Alaska, the east coast of USA and the Gulf coast, Hawaii, most of South America, the Mediterranean Sea, West Africa to Scandinavia, Japan and the eastern coastline of China and southern Russia.
 * White Shark**: Carcharodon carcharias
 * Domain || They do not appreciate human beings swimming into their domain. ||
 * Kingdom || Animalia ||
 * Phylum || Chordata ||
 * Class || Chondrichthyes ||
 * Order || Lamniforms ||
 * Family || Lamnidae ||
 * Genus || //Carcharodon// ||
 * Species || //carcharias// ||
 * Habitat**
 * __where their find glob__**

their body temperature is controlled by the ambient sea water temperature--lamnids are able to warm their muscles, stomach, viscera, brain and eyes to a temperature above that of the ambient sea water. In white sharks, there is the orbital rate, for the brains and eyes, the suprahepatic rate for the stomach and viscera, and the subcutaneous rete for the muscles. Cold blood with high levels of oxygen, having just come from the gills. This way, little heat is lost to the outside water, and most heat is kept within the animal's body. This allows the white shark to maintain an average stomach temperature of about 25 degrees celsius (with a narrow range of fluctuation), regardless of the outside sea water temperature. Of course, this means that in colder water, the white shark has to heat its stomach up even more than a white shark in warmer water, to maintain this optimal 25 degree C operating temperature. White sharks may even warm their stomachs to an even higher temperature than the normal visceral temperature, which would naturally increase digestion rates even more.
 * __Physiology__ **


 * __ Digestive System __**


 * 1. || The esophagus is short and wide, barely discernible from the stomach. A U-shaped stomach leads to a spiral valve in many species. ||
 * 2. || A spiral valve is the lower portion of the digestive tract. It is internally twisted or coiled to increase the surface area, which increases nutrient absorption. ||
 * 3. || After the spiral valve, the digestive tract leads to the rectum and to the cloaca. The cloaca is a common opening for the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems. ||
 * 4. || If a shark eats something terribly upsetting, some species can force their stomach out through their mouth and into the water to empty it out. ||
 * 5. || Some sharks have highly specialized stomachs. If threatened, the balloon shark (//Cephaloscyllium sufflans//) can rapidly inflate its stomach with air or water just like pufferfish and porcupinefish. ||
 * __Circulatory System__**
 * 4. || If a shark eats something terribly upsetting, some species can force their stomach out through their mouth and into the water to empty it out. ||
 * 5. || Some sharks have highly specialized stomachs. If threatened, the balloon shark (//Cephaloscyllium sufflans//) can rapidly inflate its stomach with air or water just like pufferfish and porcupinefish. ||
 * __Circulatory System__**
 * __Circulatory System__**


 * 1. || A shark's heart is a two-chambered S-shaped tube, small in proportion to body size. Blood flows from the heart to the gills and then to body tissues. ||
 * 2. || Fast-swimming sharks, such as great whites and makos, have a body temperature that can be quite a bit higher than the surrounding water (up to 8°C or 14.4°F higher). The heat is due to the modified circulatory system associated with the red muscle. ||
 * ^  ||   || • || As red muscle functions, it generates heat. Muscle-generated heat warms the blood circulating through the red muscle, which then travels back to the heart through veins. Thus, blood returning to the heart from the muscle is warmer than blood traveling from the heart to the muscle. ||   || • ||   ||
 * • || Due to the nearness of arteries and veins, heat passes from warmer veins to cooler arteries within the shark's body, rather than dissipating to the cooler environment. This modified circulatory system retains heat in the red muscles. ||  ||
 * 3. || Sharks have a low blood pressure. The walls of the pericardium (the membranous sacs that enclose the heart) are rigid, creating a suction within the pericardium to maintain the flow of blood. To circulate blood throughout their bodies, many sharks must swim continuously ||
 * __ Species Interactions __**
 * __ Reproduction __**
 * __ Species Interactions __**
 * __ Reproduction __**