Spectacled+Langur

= //**Trachypithecus obscurus**// =



Spectacled Langur A.K.A Dusky Leaf Monkey.

=﻿Basic Information.= Domain: Eukaria Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Cercopithecidae Genus: Trachypithecus Species: T. obscurus

=﻿Habitat= Spectacled Langurs are only found in Thialand and parts of Malay Peninsula. They live in the upper and middle part of the caponies of the forest. They live within groups of 20-35. Their diet consists of fruits and flowers. They are mostly known as leaf eaters.They eat unriped fruit which has a chemical to fight of bacteria, that they might eat off plants. Their population is tending to decrease.

=﻿Physiology= These monkeys are mostly covered in fur which are dark grey-black and lighter grey and on top of their heads. They also have white color rings around there eyes which gives them their name spectacle langur. These animals have long tails with a slender body. Their heads and body are about 16 to 31 inches. Their tails are about to 50 to110 cm long. They weigh about 12 pounds.

Lungars have a very complex stomache due to its diet of leaves and fruits. these species of animals do not have cheek pouches due to the low nutrition content of their diet. They are also not active as other species of monkeys. Their complex stomaches are divided into 2 sacks. The upper sack breaks down the leafs they eat with help of anaerobic bacteria. The anaerobic bacteria allows the stomache to break down the cellulose of the leaf. Which overcome all the toxins found in the leaf.



=﻿Species Interactions.= Spectacled Langurs live in a group up to 20-35. The group is a single male and many females. Males mostly defend their females of any predators instead of their tererritories. Males are important, they sit higher in the trees to keep an eye on the predators. If there is any danger the male will "whoo" at the others. The other monkeys will respond with a honk. This honk will also help keep the gruop together. Sometimes honking might be used to communicate about tererritories. Even though theses monkeys are not all about territory they are more laid back. They use a lot of visual communication. A young is taken care of by his mother or other females in the group. These monkeys are friendly to each other. When they have a violent fight they set out their differences by gromming one another or embracing.

=Reproduction= As a human female has menstration cycle also a Spectacled Langur female has one as well. Her menstration Cycle may last up to 2-3 weeks. When a young is born its welcomed by the group. After birth the female wants to be apart with her infant from the group. Other females also take care of the new born. The females are trained to take care of the new born. The new borns have a way to distinguished their mother from the other females of the group. The first 20 days of birth, the new born is taken care of at a high level. 21-70 days of birth the young explores his enviroment and himself as well. After a while the infant starts to socialize with the group. The infant also has a non-stop period of playing its mostly from 71-240 days. After those days they are now considered young adults. With a few monthes they will be considered adults. Even though the life time of a Spectacled Langur is still unknown.

=Endangered!!!!= Its very probable for the Spectacled Langur to be in risk of being an endangered species. These animals face the problem of desforestation or may be eaten by other predators. The population of these monkies are being decreased. The population was at 305,000 in 1958 it has decreased since 1975 to 177,000. The population has decreased because of human population in the past decades. Although there are some organizations to protect these monkeys. Also zoo's have been taking these monkeys. Like the Santa Anna Zoo and Saint Louis Zoo.

=﻿Work Cited.=

//Basic info:// Arnold, K. & Barton, R.A, (2001) Postconflict behaviour of spectacled leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus obscurus). I. Reconciliation. //International Journal of Primatology, 22(2)//, 243-266

//Habitat:// Boonratana, R., Traeholt, C., Brockelmann, W. & Htun, S. 2008. //Trachypithecus obscurus//. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <[|www.iucnredlist.org]>. Downloaded on **11 April 2011**.

//Physiology:// langur." //Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online//. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. <[]>. //Species Interactions:// Read more about [|Spectacled Langur] by [|www.animal-info.co.za] Horwich, R. H. (1974). Development of behaviours in a male spectacled langur. //[|Primates], 15(2-3),// 151-178

//Reproduction:// Hrdy, S.B. and Whitten, P.L. 1987. Patterning of Sexual Activity. In //Primate Societies//. eds. B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham, and T.T. Struhsaker. University of Chicago Press. //Free topic:// // Eudey, A. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group 2000. //Trachypithecus obscurus//. In: IUCN 2006.// 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. //I////mage 1:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Duskyleavemonkey1.jpg/798px-Duskyleavemonkey1.jpg// //Image 2: http://www.ecologyasia.com/images-stu/spectacled-leaf-monkey_8276.jpg//