Brown+Recluse+Spider

__**Brown Reclusa(Loxosceles Reclusa)**__



__**Scientific Classification**__

 * Domain || Eukaryia ||
 * Kingdom || Animalia ||
 * Phylum || Arthropoda ||
 * Class || Arachinida ||
 * Order || Araneae ||
 * Family || Loxoscelidae ||
 * Genus || Loxosceles ||
 * Species || Loxosceles Reclusa ||

__Habitat__


The brown recluse spider is commonly located in the United States. In the areas where it is shaded yellow are where they are located.

The brown recluse spider are often found in the United States around where humans reside. They like to live in warm, dark places such as schools, houses, garages, as well as outdoors like underneath rocks, leaves, and tree bark. Their preferred locations to live are normally deserts, savannas, or forests. As they find their homes, they start building nests of webs to live on and to bring their food to. During the day, these predators rest and at night, they go out and wait lurking on prey. The brown recluse like to live in the temperate zones where it is nice and warm. When the climate changes however, they migrate to warmer zones. These spiders live in air temperatures of up to 70 degrees to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. These spiders spread from places to places by crawling into packages and being shipped to other locations around the United States. The brown recluse tend to be found near cardboard in houses a lot because it resembles bark which they like to live around. They also like to make their lairs in places that would be not attended to like closets, garages, attics, etc. They love to make these places their lairs because it is always dry. However, sometimes these spiders are found in warmer places around the house like shoes, toilets, boxes, gloves, etc. These spiders move to these warmer places when the temperature outside is very low. However, the brown recluse can also reside in biotic factors. These biotic factors include savannas, deserts, and forests. When these predators live in these biotic factors, they tend to lurk underneath rocks and dark cracks where they rest during the day. At night, they come out to hunt using their venom to subdue their prey and bring it back into its lair to feast. Some adaptations these spiders have are their small fangs which inject a venom into whatever it is biting into. When these spiders are touched, they will feel threatened and bite, injecting the venom and causing massive wounds to the organism it bit into. These spiders are known for their venom bite but however, their best weapon is resting during the day where everyone is active and coming out at night to hunt during where everyone is inactive. These adaptations help the spider live longer because their venom can scare off a predator and they rest during the day so they wont be hunted by other predators as much during the night. This is a picture of a box where brown recluse love to make their shelter in houses. Boxes attract these spiders because it resembles tree bark where they love to be around. The box also provides a warm environment for the spider when temperatures are low and it is dry enough for the spider to live in. Boxes also provide the spiders transportation because they can be shipped around the United States.

__Species Interactions__
The brown recluse as a predatory species is very dominant in its environment's food web since they are carnivores who are stealthy, small, deadly, and can reproduce many others. These spiders mostly eat other insects that prey around during the night while the spiders are active. When a human comes into skin contact with the spider, the spider will feel threatened being pushed by the skin and will usually sink its fangs into the skin injecting a venom that is hemolytic. The venom usually courses through the body making the victim weak to fever, vomiting, rashes, and joint pain. Over a couple of days, the wound will become necrotic and rot away flesh and become bigger. When the brown recluse interact with other spiders like black widows, they tend to mind their own business. However, if both are competing for food like for example a beetle, then they fight each other and usually the brown recluse wins with a few limbs missing. Even without three or four legs, the brown recluse can still hunt using its fangs and its deadly venom. The brown recluse hunt during the night since they are nocturnal creatures. Like most spiders, they do not use their webs to hunt prey but instead become mobile predators and go for the kill when the prey is in close contact with the spider. However, when there is a diminishing amount of small prey for the spiders to feast on, then they turn to bigger prey like other spiders or ants that can be harmful to them. The brown recluse hunt bigger prey by usually biting into them injecting the venom and back off until the venom paralyzes the victim and go in to devour them. It has small hairs on its legs so when small prey come behind the brown recluse, they touch the small hairs alerting the brown recluse. The brown recluse also come in a brown color providing camoflauge for the spider since they can hide on tree bark and other home furniture that are brown.

__Reproduction__
Sometime in May and July, brown recluse eggs are laid waiting to hatch. The eggs are protected by a white silk sac that is very soft and spongy. These brown recluse reproduce so fast because in each sac, there are at least 50 eggs waiting to hatch. However if the female brown recluse has laid an egg on a different month of the year, then usually, the brown recluse hatches after one month being in the egg. The baby spider goes on to live and does not mature into an adult until it is finally one year. And after they mature into adults, these adult spiders usually live on for about two years and reproduce more. These spiders can withstand long periods without food up to six months. When it is time for the males to fine their mates to reproduce, they depend on their hairs on their small body to detect females within the perimeter. These males also have an ability to detect chemical substances. The male usually goes around and detects the females chemical substances within her threads of web that she left. Most of the time, if the male does come into contact with the female, the female usually sees the male as another prey to feast on so the male has to approach the female in a way to give her a message that he is ready to mate. The male does some sort of a dance to show the female and changes the threads of the female's web to let the female know he is here. When the male is successful, the female will usually see the male as a prey and go in but see that sexual contact with the male is possible and mating begins. The brown recluse cares for its eggs by usually attaching its eggs to their own webs or either creating nests for them to hide in. The brown recluse females will usually watch for eggs after one month and that is when the eggs hatch. When the eggs hatch, the young are left to fend for themselves and to survive on their own. The mother will usually leave them and reproduce some more.

__Impact on Human Lives__
The brown recluse spiders have a large impact on their human society as a whole. These spiders help the humans exterminate pests such as bugs and rodents since they are prey to these top predators. However, in the United States, there are so a large population of the brown recluse that they are also become pests themselves. There is such a large reproduction of these spiders because the females only mate once in order to produce up to 150 more eggs and multiply from there on. There are so many brown recluse spiders all over the United States because when there is a state that is fully populated with them, the residents within the state will usually move away to another state. This becomes a leading factor in the migration of these spiders because when the residents leave, they will also bring the spider accidently like inside a box or suitcase giving the spiders the ability to reproduce many across the states. These predators can be very harmful to humans since they induce a toxin into the vicitim's bite where the wound later on becomes necrotic and soreful. The spiders does not feel threatened by humans so therefore they will not bite however, they will bite when they are in pressed against the skin. Like for example, if they were inside of clothing and the person were to put the clothing on, the person's skin would press against the spider making the spider bite the person. The brown recluse also love to live in homes because it provides a good environment for the spider to adapt in. The brown recluse are very hard to be rid of within homes because these spiders have a condition known as homeostasis where the body starts to maintain a physiological balance in order to survive. So when food and water are scarce within the spider's habitat, the spider goes into homeostasis being able to survive for weeks and months without the essentials needed to live. The spiders are even able to live in stable temperature environment as long as it is cool or warm. Even when these spiders lose a limb or more, they can still move around and about feeding on smaller prey and having their homestasis kick in to overdrive. These spiders all around the United States are become even more of a pest because of their ability to sometimes survive chemicals used in pesticides for them. When chemicals in the pesticide are used to kill the spider but does not kill them, the spiders become damage neurologically and cause their behavior to become more aggressive and agitated. Even if these spiders do not become more aggresive from the pesticide used, it will cause them to go deeper into hiding as a result of their natural instincts to survive. It takes very long to exterminate an infested home of brown recluse because it takes up to months since there would be a lot of effort and time to put in searching for cracks, crevices, and other small locations the spider can hide in. The United States also have made a law that comes into effect where if there is a pesticide that can kill the brown recluse, it is illegal to use because killing the spiders that way would be inhumane to the species. As a result of that law, people start to use traps such as sticky traps where they lay a piece of cardboard and lay a sticky adhesive on top of the cardboard where the spider will run along it and stick to it and eventually die or lose most of its limbs. The trap is very effective in exterminating the spiders because the cardboard resembles a rotting piece of tree bark where the spider's normal environment is.