octopus+vulgaris

‍**__Octopus Vulgaris__**
The Octopus Valgaris is very common octopus. It is found in the tropical and semitropical waters from near shore shallows as deep as 200 m. This octopus lives 12 to 18 months. They are usaully in the plankton for 45 to 60 days. Most of them become food for other things but those that do survive, settle out and begin a bethnic life.
 * Domian || eukaria ||
 * Kingdom || animalia ||
 * Phylum || mollusca ||
 * Class || cephalopoda ||
 * Order || octopada ||
 * Family || octopodidae ||
 * Genus || octopus ||
 * Species || octopus vulgaris ||

__Habitat__
The Octopus vulgaris is a species that has a world wide distribution. Is more abundant in the Mediterranean Sea, the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Japanese waters.

Octopus vulgaris lives in tropical and semitropical in oceans around the world from Atlanta, Indian, and Pacific oceans, to the Mediterranan Sea. They inhabit shallow waters seen up to 200 meters but mostly all common octopus are generally found in the "near shore zone". When you find an octopus from a coast and one from inshore waters, they will have thier diffrences. For example an octopus vulgaris was found in the coast of Spain been two centimeters shorter and one thousand grams lighter, then the ones caught inshore. Even though alot of them have been foud in the deep water most of the population is found in shallow waters lees than 100 meters. The octopus vulgaris is diurnal and nocturnal since shallow water cephlapodos are influenced by light. In the Pacific and Atlantic oceans the are active day and night unlike in the Mediterranean sea they are only nocturnal.

The octopus vulgaris is mostly camouflaging from its preditor in corals, sandy areas and rocks. When it come to interacting with a fauna it for them to catch and feed on. Particularly the crab, bivalves, and gastropods. Sense octopuses are color blind, you would wonder how they identify thier prey. Well, they dont identify by color, instead they identify them by movement, shape, features, and scent.

At the beggining of their 'life" they growm up and just hide away in a shell, making its property. But around him there is alot of other fuanas that want that shell taht his in so he wouldnt be able to go out and get food because they would take his shell. O. vulgaris hass to be agrassive toward everythig they do snes they are prey and preditors. I personallly think that they are want to be toughs but really they are some nerdy octupus. they suit really well to an invironment as lonf as there are rocks around them and some food to prey on close around.



__Species Ineractions__
The octopus vulgaris can be found in the middle of the food chain. It feeds on smaller creatures such as crabs, lobsters, mussels, and other shell fish. The octopus is a common treat for sharks, whales, and sometimes bigger fish. Also, octopus are solitary creatures. They live alone and only come in purposeful contact with one another in the spring during mating season.

Food is always an important part of life. The octopus vulgaris catches its food either by ambush or by chasing it down. For crabs or oysters the octopus will just grab onto the prey and either kill it on the spot and bring it back to its den, or it will bring it back to its den alive. Octopuses have been known to carry clams or oysters back to their homes and place them right outside. This way whenever the octopus is hungry it can reach outside and grab a bite to eat. For faster prey such as fish, the octopus will camouflage itself and reach out an arm or two as the fish swims by and grab it. The actual act of eating is very simple. The octopus will use the many suckers on the underside of its tentacles to usher the food from the outside toward the center of its body where the beak is. The beak is very useful in crushing the exoskeloton of crustaceans and cracking the shells of oysters or calms. Once the exterior of the prey is penetrated, the octopus will expel the non edible parts and ingest the good stuff.

__Reproduction__
In the spring, mating is when it occurs. It's when the adults move closer towards shore to mate. The males are diecious and usually mate a few times with the same partner before moving on to the next one. After mating the eggs must be attached to a substrate.The temperature of the water and the size of the egg are both factors in the embryo's development. Within two months the female will release 500,000 eggs in shallow water attached to the substrate. The mother has to be around to take care of the eggs if not they will die. The mother only cares for the eggs by cleaning them with her suckers and providing them with oxygen by shooting streams of water at them. After the eggs have hatched, the female dies. The young octopuses then float through the water column as zoo plankton. Unfortunately only one of two out of 200,000 hatching survive to adulthood. After that, adults only live for about one year. Some largers species of octopus live for up to three years.

__The Intelligence of Octopus vulgaris__
Octopuses and their cephalopod cousins the cuttlefish and the squid are evolutionary oxymorons: big-brained invertebrates that display many cognitive, behavioral, and affective traits once considered exclusive to the higher vertebrates. They challenge the deep-seated notion that intelligence advanced from fish and amphibians to reptiles, birds, mammals, early primates, and finally humans. Scientist Roland Anderson and other scientist tested the ability of octopuses to solve mazes, learn cues, and remember solutions. They had found that octopuses solve readily, learn quickly and, in the short term, remember what they have learned. Anderson delved deeper, documenting a range of qualities and activities closely associated with intelligence but previously known only in advanced vertebrates. Octopuses and cuttlefish have larger brains, relative to body weight, than most fish and reptiles, larger on average than any animals save birds and mammals. Although an octopus brain differs from a typical vertebrate's brain, it wraps around the esophagus instead of resting in a cranium, it also shares key features such as folded lobes, a hallmark of complexity, and distinct visual and tactile memory centers. It even generates similar electrical patterns.